For testing the light transmission of glass with and without hydro-gel for comparison of their transparency from each other I used photometer.

I did this test in 3 steps: Glass, Glass with wet Hydrogel and Glass with dried Hydrogel.

Based on previous researches on cooling passive system, adaptive roof aperture is one of the advanced passive cooling system with the ability of changing its geometry based on external environment factors. This windcather take the shape of a downdraft evaporative cooling chimney in date and during the night, it is opened  to expose a maximum surface of the concrete slab below to the night sky above.

Aviv, Dorit, and Forrest Meggers. “Cooling oculus for desert climate–dynamic structure for evaporative downdraft and night sky cooling.” Energy Procedia 122 (2017): 1123-1128.

I have tried to developed a model of this system.

 

For me writing the research abstract, that was the first time that we should concentrate on the specific works we want to do in our inquiry, had some steps which with using them writing an abstract was not as hard as I was thinking before.

Indeed, I enjoyed writing it because it make me to think about what I really want to do in highly structured way.

In the next post, I’ll share it.

For this week’s assignment, we were asked to analysis one of the previous researches that we’ve chose as the resources. I’ve selected “Adaptive Roof Aperture for Multiple cooling Conditions.

Adaptive Roof Aperture for Multiple cooling Conditions

Aviv, Dorit. “Adaptive Roof Aperture for Multiple Cooling Conditions.” SimAUD 2018 Proceedings, TU Delft, May 2018.

Research Question:

Which geometries optimize the performance of a roof aperture in terms of day and night cooling modes while external factors like wind direction and sun position change?

Hypothesis:

Optimization of both dry and night cooling modes within the same device while external natural environments are dynamic requires the kinetic transformation of the aperture from a narrow downdraft chimney into an open radiation apparatus.

General Research Methods:

The general research method of this research is kind of an experimental research with developing a prototype for a passive cooling roof device, which operates in multiple constellations triggered by sensor inputs for achieving to a dual response:

1. As a wind catcher it captures external airflow and channels it into the building’s interior volume by orienting the roof opening toward the current prevalent wind direction.
2.  At the same time, the aperture is responsive to radiation either avoiding direct solar radiation during the day or maximizing radiant cooling during the night by exposing the building’s interior to the night sky.To achieve these states:

They simplify the geometry of the aperture into a segmented cylinder with multiple blades and allow for myriad potential constellations to occur by introducing a motorized joint with three degrees of freedom for each of the aperture’s blades and then examine the range of possible outcomes and functional relationships in the system with both digital simulations and physical prototypes. A wind tunnel test was conducted to compare the performance of different configurations.

Specific Research Strategies and Tactics:

1. Algorithmic Rotation and Actuation
The first strategy is a digital simulation of the wind catcher’s blades rotation.

2. Wind Optimization
conducted wind tunnel tests for models representing several geometric configurations.

As the research question is about finding the geometries which optimize the wind comes indoor , I think the strategies are perfectly designed to achieve the best answers for that.

At this Post you can see some data collections from various resources that have been visualized for better understanding.

 

MANY information displays report on the world’s workaday reality of three-space and time. Painting four-variable narrations of space-time onto flatland combines two familiar designs, the map and the time-series. Our strategy for understanding these narrative graphics is to hold constant the underlying information and then to watch how various designs and designers cope with the common data.

In the last chapter of Envisioning Information, Tufte focuses on displays that relate space and time in the same two dimensional space.Here are some examples to understanding this content better.

The Galilean Satellites of Jupiter

He shows data from Galileo’s logs( picture on left) and reworking of it. After a few diagrams depicting artifacts to recreate the movement of the planets, he shows some vertical plots that show the movement with regard to time. Now, in modern portrayals of Jupiter’s satellites, all the individual observations are connected in the corkscrew diagram, with continuous spirals traced out. These micro/ macro diagrams work on a grid of one spatial dimension stretched by time, just like graphical timetables. The smooth paths of the modern diagram report every position of the moons – fitting data for even a few hours of viewing.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Narrative Itineraries: Timetables and Route Maps

Schedules are among the most widely used information displays, with a sheer volume of printed images comparable to road maps, daily weather charts, catalogs, and telephone books. A comprehensive narrative description of a transport system requires a record of both time and spatial experiences. Here a complex network of routes is brought together with flight times and identification numbers in a brilliant map/schedule for the Czechoslovakia Air Transport Company in 1933.

In this typographical table, Space is poorly allocated; much of the paper is given over to categories at top that labor incessantly to make only three binary distinctions (between New York/New Haven, leaving/arriving, and weekdays/weekends). All the little boxes create an elaborate but false appearance of systematic order. And so, in this timetable, left-over space beneath the introductory grids and rectangles reports on 80 different times of arrival and departure (410 characters). Only 21 percent of the timetable’s area is devoted to display of times that trains run.

At any rate, the redesign below eliminates all the assorted convolutions from
the modern-day schedule and yields a graceful but unceremonious layout.

THE world is complex, dynamic, multidimensional; the paper is static, flat. How are we to represent the rich visual world of experience and measurement on mere flatland?

the above paragraph is a complete and short description that Tufe wrote in introduction of his book named “Envisioning Information” to describe this book. Layering and Seperation is one of the principles help to identify and to explain design excellence – why some displays are better than others.

Tufte defines layering as visually stratifying or ordering data thereby establishing a proper relationship among types of information. The purpose of layering is to create a visual hierarchy, emphasizing more important content and de-emphasizing less important content. In addition, Tufte argues, designers should separate layers of information by means of distinctions of texture, weight, shape, value, size, or color. Failure to layer and separate information effectively, he warns, results in “jumbled up, blurry, incoherent and chaotic” designs.

In continue, you can see an examples that show the impact of layering and separation in better visual understanding.

All elements in the map at right contours, rivers, roads, names are at the same visual level with equal values, equal texture, equal color, and even nearly equal shape. An undifferentiated, unlayered surface results, jumbled up, blurry, incoherent, chaotic with unintentional optical art. What we have here is a failure to communicate. Far more detailed than the perfect jumble, this map below separates and layers information by means of distinctions in shape, value (light to dark), size, and especially color. The negative areas are also informative; light strips formed by the grid of buildings identify roads and paths. The water symbol is a blue field, further differentiated from other color fields by a gentle fading away from each outlined edge. Shown against a dull background rather than bright white, these colors remain both calm and distinctive, avoiding clutter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 + 1 = 3!

In the simplest case, when we draw two black lines,a third visual activity results, a bright white path between hues (note that this path appears even to have an angled end). And a complexity of marks generates an exponential complexity of negative shapes.

In a little-known essay on 1 + 1 = 3 effects, Josef Albers conducts the demonstrations below, a visually sensitive and artistic approach to the cognitive contours of perceptual psychologists. Albers, seeing area and surface rather than border and edge, escapes the preoccupying magic of optical illusions to conceive a broad idea of negative space activation:
Stumbling over 1 + 1 = 3 has produced perhaps the worst index ever designed, a rare perfect failure.

Liu, Guoliang, Manxuan Xiao, Xingxing Zhang, Csilla Gal, Xiangjie Chen, Lin Liu, Song Pan, Jinshun Wu, Llewellyn Tang, and Derek Clements-Croome. “A review of air filtration technologies for sustainable and healthy building ventilation.” Sustainable cities and society 32 (2017): 375-396.

This paper presents a comprehensive review on the synergistic effect of different air purification technologies, air filtration theory, materials and standards. It evaluated different air filtration technologies by considering factors such as air quality improvement, filtering performance, energy and economic behavior, thermal comfort and acoustic impact.

 

Moe, Kiel. Thermally active surfaces in architecture. Princeton Architectural Press, 2010

Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture details ten contemporary case studies, from some of today’s most innovative architects. Kiel Moe, argues that water, with its higher density, is far better at capturing and channeling energy than air. By separating the heating and cooling of a building from its ventilation, the building’s structure itself becomes the primary thermal system.

 

Schlager, Hans, Volker Grewe, and Anke Roiger. “Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere.” In Atmospheric Physics, pp. 17-35. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012.

Research is focused on the composition and processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. In this research the chemical composition of the atmosphere is addressed and selected examples of significant advances in this field are presented. We can find the chemical composition of air in this paper.

 

Srinivasan, Ravi, and Kiel Moe. The hierarchy of energy in architecture: emergy analysis. Routledge, 2015.

Providing a clear overview of what energy is and what architects can do with it.

This inquiry would be related to the environmental part of the 3E sustainability framework by developing the general field of this inquiry in the field of such strategies that help reducing energy consumption in buildings like the effective passive techniques and improving them to enhance the use of them. Specifically, this inquiry supposed to being about the natural ventilation system, its application and the weakness of system which limit their usage in all buildings. This inquiry will start by this main questions; what is the disadvantage of ventilation system? And it continues with questions such as; is there any solution that improve the application of the ventilation system? If yes, are that solutions effective? If not, is there any new technology or method which could improve the ventilation system application and usage? Generally, this research tries to meet some new solutions to improve the ventilation system against its weakness which is penetration of air and sound pollution due to the openings as one of the elements of this system. So, this weakness of the system may limit the usage of it in educational buildings like schools, universities, library as well as healthcare buildings like hospitals and clinics. This solutions can be a new design methods, new insulation methods or even new materials that share the same benefit of natural ventilation system without its weakness.